Future lesson to move

What is a Pulse Oximeter?

This device checks how well your heart is pumping oxygen through your body.

Oximeters measure oxygen saturation
(SpO2). This represents the extent to which hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen. Hemoglobin is protein in red blood cells (RBCs) that binds with oxygen to carry it from your lungs to the tissues of your body.

Here is a link to more info on Hemoglobin.

It may be used to monitor conditions that can affect blood oxygen levels.
Some of these conditions include:

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
asthma
pneumonia
lung cancer
collapsed lung
pulmonary embolism
anemia
heart attack or heart failure
Sleep apnea
congenital heart defects
(You can click on each of these to learn more)

Could you get this code to control one servo?
Once you do, show your teacher and then try to change the code so that it can control more than one servo by potentiometers. You basically just copy each part of the code and add extra lines with different numbers.
Here is an example with 4 potentiometer dials.

Once you get the one LED code to work, try to figure out how to get more lights to work with buttons if you have time.
You basically just have to add an extra line to each part and name new variables for the new lights.
Look at the difference between the code above and below to try and figure out the pattern for adding more parts.

Turning onboard LED on and off with Button

We will now try to get that onboard LED to blink by using a button. Set up your circuit similar to below
Use the :

10K ohm resistor

// This code turns on and off a light emitting diode(LED) connected to digital
//pin 13, when pressing a push-button attached to pin 2.

// the below sets pin numbers: const is used before int to ensure the value does not change

const int buttonPin=2; //the number of the pushbutton pin
const int ledPin=LED_BUILTIN; //the number of the LED pin
int buttonState=0; // variable for reading the pushbutton status

void setup() {
pinMode (ledPin,OUTPUT);
pinMode (buttonPin,INPUT);
}
void loop() {
buttonState=digitalRead(buttonPin);
if(buttonState==HIGH){
digitalWrite(ledPin,HIGH);
}
else{
digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW);
}
}

See this video from RCC Nursing Professor Ms. Miller to learn about the TENS unit!

The sensor you make here measures voltages from your skin. The TENS unit sends voltage to your body instead, it's like the opposite thing.

Building the finger sensors.

You need a good conductive connection for the finger sensors. The "sensor" is literally aluminum foil connected to a jumper wire and then wrapped around your finger. You can use Velcro or tape to fix it around your finger.

https://electropeak.com/learn/interfacing-max30102-pulse-oximeter-heart-rate-module-with-arduino/

What you will need for this activity:

Arduino and USB

Buzzer

Resistors

OLED Screen

Arduino and Wires

Servo Motor

Disclaimer: The Oximeter you make for this activity should not be used for diagnostic purposes. If at any point you are concerned about your heart rhythm or SpO2 readings, you should consult your physician.

What you need for today's activities

The Arduino and Cord

Several Different LEDs

All the Resistor Strips

The Pulse Sensor

Wires

Seeing your Heartbeat with Light!

The color of blood

Have you ever heard that blood gets darker if it does not have oxygen in it? Well, that's true. The more oxygen blood has, the more deep red light it absorbs so it reflects less deep red.

All sketches for this section come from this source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHPgamGQmDY

Graphing blood's light absorption by wavelength

This is a rough sketch showing how much hemoglobin (Hb) absorbs different light wavelengths depending on if it is oxygenated.

Red light at a 660 nm wavelength is used in pulse oximeters. This is because it is the max difference between light absorbance.

Displaying your temperature on a display

OLED displaying when your heart beats!

This video was the inspiration for this activity: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s5vj6FkQKGg

#include <SPI.h> #include <Wire.h> #include <Adafruit_GFX.h> #include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h> #define UpperThreshold 550 #define LowerThreshold 500 #define OLED_Address 0x3C Adafruit_SSD1306 oled(1); const int sensor=A3; const int Buzzer=9; const int LEDR=6; const int LEDG=5; const int LEDB=3; int x=0; int y=5; int inc=1; int lastx=0; int lasty=0; int LastTime=0; bool BPMTiming=false; bool BeatComplete=false; int BPM=0; int traceY=0; int oneBeep=0; void setup() { pinMode(Buzzer,OUTPUT); pinMode(LEDR,OUTPUT); pinMode(LEDG,OUTPUT); pinMode(LEDB,OUTPUT); oled.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, OLED_Address); oled.clearDisplay(); oled.setTextSize(2); oled.setCursor(3,8); oled.print("MEGA DAS"); oled.display(); delay(2000); oled.clearDisplay(); digitalWrite(Buzzer,LOW); digitalWrite(LEDR,LOW); digitalWrite(LEDG,LOW); digitalWrite(LEDB,LOW); int i =0; while(i <300) { oled.writeLine(lastx,lasty,x,5,WHITE); oled.display(); delay(10); lasty=y; lastx=x; x++; i++; analogWrite(Buzzer,128); } oled.clearDisplay(); x=0; } void loop() { if(x>127) { oled.clearDisplay(); x=0; lastx=x; } int value=analogRead(sensor); oled.setTextColor(WHITE); int y=60-((value+2)/16); oled.writeLine(lastx,lasty,x,y,WHITE); lasty=y; lastx=x; if(lasty==1 || lasty==0) { analogWrite(Buzzer,128); } else { analogWrite(Buzzer,0); } // calc bpm if(value>UpperThreshold) { if(BeatComplete) { BPM=millis()-LastTime; BPM=int(60/(float(BPM)/1000)); BPMTiming=false; BeatComplete=false; } if(BPMTiming==false) { LastTime=millis(); BPMTiming=true; } } if((value<LowerThreshold)&(BPMTiming)) { BeatComplete=true; } // display bpm oled.writeFillRect(0,18,128,20,BLACK); oled.setCursor(0,18); oled.print(BPM); oled.print(" BPM"); oled.display(); if(BPM<90 && BPM>60) { analogWrite(LEDR,0); analogWrite(LEDG,255); analogWrite(LEDB,0); } if(BPM>85) { analogWrite(LEDR,255); analogWrite(LEDG,0); analogWrite(LEDB,0); } if(BPM<63) { analogWrite(LEDR,255); analogWrite(LEDG,255); analogWrite(LEDB,0); } x+=1; }

https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/SurtrTech/measure-heart-rate-and-spo2-with-max30102-c2b4d8?ref=similar&ref_id=176628&offset=2

#include <Adafruit_GFX.h> //OLED libraries #include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h> #include <Wire.h> #include "MAX30105.h" //MAX3010x library #include "heartRate.h" //Heart rate calculating algorithm MAX30105 particleSensor; const byte RATE_SIZE = 4; //Increase this for more averaging. 4 is good. byte rates[RATE_SIZE]; //Array of heart rates byte rateSpot = 0; long lastBeat = 0; //Time at which the last beat occurred float beatsPerMinute; int beatAvg; #define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width, in pixels #define SCREEN_HEIGHT 32 // OLED display height, in pixels #define OLED_RESET -1 // Reset pin # (or -1 if sharing Arduino reset pin) Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, OLED_RESET); //Declaring the display name (display) static const unsigned char PROGMEM logo2_bmp[] = { 0x03, 0xC0, 0xF0, 0x06, 0x71, 0x8C, 0x0C, 0x1B, 0x06, 0x18, 0x0E, 0x02, 0x10, 0x0C, 0x03, 0x10, //Logo2 and Logo3 are two bmp pictures that display on the OLED if called 0x04, 0x01, 0x10, 0x04, 0x01, 0x10, 0x40, 0x01, 0x10, 0x40, 0x01, 0x10, 0xC0, 0x03, 0x08, 0x88, 0x02, 0x08, 0xB8, 0x04, 0xFF, 0x37, 0x08, 0x01, 0x30, 0x18, 0x01, 0x90, 0x30, 0x00, 0xC0, 0x60, 0x00, 0x60, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x31, 0x80, 0x00, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, }; static const unsigned char PROGMEM logo3_bmp[] = { 0x01, 0xF0, 0x0F, 0x80, 0x06, 0x1C, 0x38, 0x60, 0x18, 0x06, 0x60, 0x18, 0x10, 0x01, 0x80, 0x08, 0x20, 0x01, 0x80, 0x04, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x08, 0x03, 0x80, 0x00, 0x08, 0x01, 0x80, 0x00, 0x18, 0x01, 0x80, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x01, 0x80, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x40, 0x10, 0x12, 0x00, 0x40, 0x10, 0x12, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x1F, 0x23, 0xFE, 0x03, 0x31, 0xA0, 0x04, 0x01, 0xA0, 0xA0, 0x0C, 0x00, 0xA0, 0xA0, 0x08, 0x00, 0x60, 0xE0, 0x10, 0x00, 0x20, 0x60, 0x20, 0x06, 0x00, 0x40, 0x60, 0x03, 0x00, 0x40, 0xC0, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x00, 0xC0, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x80, 0x00 }; void setup() { display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C); //Start the OLED display display.display(); delay(3000); // Initialize sensor particleSensor.begin(Wire, I2C_SPEED_FAST); //Use default I2C port, 400kHz speed particleSensor.setup(); //Configure sensor with default settings particleSensor.setPulseAmplitudeRed(0x0A); //Turn Red LED to low to indicate sensor is running } void loop() { long irValue = particleSensor.getIR(); //Reading the IR value it will permit us to know if there's a finger on the sensor or not //Also detecting a heartbeat if(irValue > 7000){ //If a finger is detected display.clearDisplay(); //Clear the display display.drawBitmap(5, 5, logo2_bmp, 24, 21, WHITE); //Draw the first bmp picture (little heart) display.setTextSize(2); //Near it display the average BPM you can display the BPM if you want display.setTextColor(WHITE); display.setCursor(50,0); display.println("BPM"); display.setCursor(50,18); display.println(beatAvg); display.display(); if (checkForBeat(irValue) == true) //If a heart beat is detected { display.clearDisplay(); //Clear the display display.drawBitmap(0, 0, logo3_bmp, 32, 32, WHITE); //Draw the second picture (bigger heart) display.setTextSize(2); //And still displays the average BPM display.setTextColor(WHITE); display.setCursor(50,0); display.println("BPM"); display.setCursor(50,18); display.println(beatAvg); display.display(); tone(3,1000); //And tone the buzzer for a 100ms you can reduce it it will be better delay(100); noTone(3); //Deactivate the buzzer to have the effect of a "bip" //We sensed a beat! long delta = millis() - lastBeat; //Measure duration between two beats lastBeat = millis(); beatsPerMinute = 60 / (delta / 1000.0); //Calculating the BPM if (beatsPerMinute < 255 && beatsPerMinute > 20) //To calculate the average we strore some values (4) then do some math to calculate the average { rates[rateSpot++] = (byte)beatsPerMinute; //Store this reading in the array rateSpot %= RATE_SIZE; //Wrap variable //Take average of readings beatAvg = 0; for (byte x = 0 ; x < RATE_SIZE ; x++) beatAvg += rates[x]; beatAvg /= RATE_SIZE; } } } if (irValue < 7000){ //If no finger is detected it inform the user and put the average BPM to 0 or it will be stored for the next measure beatAvg=0; display.clearDisplay(); display.setTextSize(1); display.setTextColor(WHITE); display.setCursor(30,5); display.println("Please Place "); display.setCursor(30,15); display.println("your finger "); display.display(); noTone(3); } }

Video Lesson about Blood Oxygen

Please watch this video about how the Pulse Ox works.

Code and directions under development

The inspiration for the SpO2 sensor activity.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEtyMkubXj4
lesson:

https://surtrtech.com/2019/02/05/measure-heart-pulses-bpm-and-oxygen-saturation-spo%c2%b2-with-max30102-and-arduino/
Code:

MAX30102- Heart Rate Pulse Detection-Module https://electropeak.com/learn/
https://electropeak.com/learn/interfacing-max30102-pulse-oximeter-heart-rate-module-with-arduino/

The Stepper Motor

To find the sample stepper motor codes, open your Arduino IDE and go to
1) File
2) Examples
3) Stepper one rev

Here is the sample base code

#include <Stepper.h>

const int stepsPerRevolution = 200; // change this to fit the number of steps per revolution for your motor

Stepper myStepper(stepsPerRevolution, 8, 9, 10, 11); // initialize the stepper library on pins 8 through 11:
// (change as needed)

void setup() {
myStepper.setSpeed(60); // set the speed at 60 rpm:
}
void loop() {
myStepper.step(stepsPerRevolution); // step one revolution in one direction:
delay(500);
myStepper.step(-stepsPerRevolution); // step one revolution in the other direction:
delay(500);
}

Multiple Buttons control lights

Tutorial for how to use the OLED Display

What you need for today's activities

The Arduino and Cord

Several Different LEDs

All the Resistor Strips

The Pulse Sensor

Wires

OLED Display

Wiring the IR Receiver

We will start by just wiring the IR receiver because we want to check if that works. You should go grab a remote control too, that will help. The light needed for this activity is the IR light. It was packaged in a bag with the IR receiver.

What you need for today's activities

The Arduino and Cord

Several Different LEDs

330 or 220 Resistor

All the Resistor Strips

Any Remote Control

Note, we did not give you one of these because you should have it at home.

Wires

The IR Receiver

These should have been packaged separate from the rest of your LEDs.

https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/techstudycell/social-distancing-tool-using-ultrasonic-sensor-and-arduino-10f108

Buzz when your heart beats.

Here is the wiring diagram:

const int BuzzerPin = 3; //Buzzer Pin
const int SwitchPin= 2; // Push-button pin

void setup() {
pinMode(BuzzerPin,OUTPUT); //Defines pinBuz as an Output
pinMode(SwitchPin,INPUT); // Defines pinSwi as an input
}

void loop () {
int botao; // To save the last logic state of the button
botao = digitalRead(pinSwi); //Put the reading value of the switch on botao
Serial.println(botao); //Shows the logic state of the input on Serial Monitor
if (botao == 1) // Pressed button, logic State HIGH (5V)
{
digitalWrite(pinBuz,1); //Switch pressed, buzzer on
}else
{
digitalWrite(pinBuz,0); //If the switch isn’t pressed, buzzer off.
}
delay(10); //reading delay
}

Motion Sensor

The three pins are:
VCC (Vin): + Vin to 5V
Out (O output): Signal wire to digital pin 2
GND (- aka ground): GND - ground to board GND
Wire up your motion detector like this picture.

Below is code for us to get started.

Touchless Soap Dispenser: Ultrasound

Draft code here: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1owAatidlxF5nuy-WP4LoVd80rhknXz7c

arduino_code.ino
File Size:	0 kb
File Type:	ino

Download File

Code V2
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KuEAgIkUvVa2rXHPusrJzWKoeSdCDnFm/view

IR Servo Touchless Soap Dispenser

1 Motor Version

_______________________________________________________________________________________
#include "Servo.h" //Include Servo Motor library for using Servo
Servo myServo1;

#define sensor A0

int servo1 = A1; //Digital PWM pin used by the servo 1

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
myServo1.attach(servo1);
pinMode(sensor, INPUT);
}

void loop() {
if(digitalRead(sensor)){
Serial.println("Active");
myServo1.write(110);
delay(300);
}

else{
Serial.println("Inactive");
myServo1.write(0);
}

delay(100);
}

2 Motor version

#include "Servo.h" //Include Servo Motor library for using Servo

Servo myServo1;
Servo myServo2;

#define sensor A0
int servo1 = A1; //Digital PWM pin used by the servo 1
int servo2 = A2; //Digital PWM pin used by the servo 2

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
myServo1.attach(servo1);
myServo2.attach(servo2);
pinMode(sensor, INPUT);
}

void loop(){
if(digitalRead(sensor)){
Serial.println("Active");
myServo1.write(110);
myServo2.write(0);
delay(300);
}

else{
Serial.println("Inactive");
myServo1.write(0);
myServo2.write(110);
}

delay(100);
}